נפל npl "fall" usually literally but sometimes = die; or a more general "descent" from prosperity and blessing (as in English "the rise and fall of Reginald Perrin"). In Amos npl is used in its literal sense (3:5, 14; 9:9 (and 9:11?); and as "die" 7:17; it is generalized 8:14; and in 5:2 it may combine more than one of these.